The Culture
Peruvian culture is a dynamic blend of history, indigenous traditions, Spanish influence, and a rich mix of global migrations. It begins with over 50 distinct indigenous groups, most famously the Inca, whose awe-inspiring architecture and engineering feats lure countless visitors today. Quechua and Aymara languages also live on in modern Peru, and traditional customs persist in many highland communities.
Spanish colonization also left an indelible mark on Peru. Colonial architecture, seen in cities like Lima and Arequipa, is a testament to this. The fusion of Spanish and indigenous influences gave rise to a unique art form known as "mestizo art," combining European techniques with Andean themes. The majority of Peruvians today are Catholic, and religious festivals play a significant role in the country's cultural calendar. Semana Santa (Holy Week) and the Feast of Corpus Christi are marked by elaborate processions and rituals.
That being said, Peru boasts a plethora of colourful festivals throughout the year. Inti Raymi, the Inca Festival of the Sun, and Qoyllur Rit'i, a pilgrimage to a sacred glacier, offer glimpses into ancient traditions. In contrast, contemporary festivals like Mistura celebrate the country's culinary diversity.
Music and dance are integral to Peruvian culture. From the rhythmic beats of Afro-Peruvian music to the highland melodies of the Andes, the country's musical diversity is astounding. Traditional dances like marinara, huayno, and the famed marinara limeña reflect the nation's rich cultural tapestry.
What is the visiting etiquette in Peru?
With the exception of your tour guide (and hopefully your transfer), don’t expect Peruvians do be too fussed about punctuality. There’s a concept called hora iglesia (English time) in Peru and in simplest terms, it’s how to Peruvians describe being punctual. Tardiness isn’t meant to show disrespect; the person is just putting family and relationships first, most of the time. That said, if you endear yourself to a local family, they may even invite you to their home, and it’s considered rude to refuse unless you absolutely can’t make it. The same goes for refusing the offer of a meal, though declining a drink or light refreshments is usually okay. It’s polite to ask after your host’s family or relatives if you do receive such an invitation, and bring a small gift, particularly for the children in the home if there are any.
In public, Peruvians are also big on personal presentation and hygiene, so keep that in mind when planning your own wardrobe (no dirty clothes if you have the choice), and remove your hat and sunglasses whenever you enter a church. Finally, when visiting Machu Picchu or similar sites, obey your guide at all times. There are strict rules intended both to preserve the ruins and respect the culture of those who built them.
What is Peru best known for?
Machu Picchu dominates the postcards of Peru with its majestic ruins clinging to the mountaintop in the shadow of Huayna Picchu, the citadel’s famous mountain. That being said, Peru’s attractions go far beyond the fabled city. Colca Canyon invites visitors to enjoy some of the most dramatic landscapes in South America, including the chance to see condors in the wild, while Peru’s food scene, particularly in Lima and Cusco continues to wow even the most cynical critics. Peru is also well known for the preservation of its indigenous cultures, which have interwoven with Spanish colonial influences to shape much of the country’s identity today.
What are some Peruvian traditions?
More than 3,000 official festivals dot the Peruvian calendar throughout the year, ranging from big stars like Inti Raymi, the sun festival held ever June 24 in Cusco, to traditional Christmas markets. The fusion of indigenous and Spanish colonial cultures has given Peru its own identity within Latin America, and you’ll find the two intermingling across many of the country’s holidays. You’re equally likely to encounter a ceremony honouring a Catholic saint as you are one honouring Mother Earth in the Andes. Traditional forms of weaving and textile making shape the colour and flavour of these festivals, where Peruvian traditional dress is often worn. In some regions, traditional forms of medicine and shamanism endure, such as reading coca leaves to predict the future, or passing a guinea pig or an egg over a person’s body to determine their ailment. One such ritual popular in Cusco with locals and tourists alike is a flower bath, meant to encourage blossoming in all areas of life.
What are Peruvian people like socially?
Peruvians tend to be very open and curious, taking hospitality very seriously and genuinely enjoying the company of others. They’re not shy about expressing their emotions, which can make getting to know them much easier. By the same coin, you might find Peruvian conversation a little intrusive at first, but there’s no offense meant. The person is simply trying to get to know you, and inviting you to do the same. While they’re not shy about expressing emotion, Peruvians tend to avoid conflict and value saving face. Disputes are resolved quietly and privately. Physical contact is also common while in conversation, so simply smile and say so politely if you’d prefer not to be touched. Try to keep direct eye contact during conversation, however. It’s a sign of respect and honesty in Peru.
What languages do Peruvians speak?
Spanish is the official language of Peru, spoken by around 84% of the population. Still, more than a quarter of Peruvians speak an alternative first language, with Quechua and Aymara being the most widespread. You’ll hear Quechua spoken in the mountainous regions of the south, including near Cusco and Arequipa, while Aymara is more dominant around Lake Titicaca in the country’s far south. About 11 percent of Peruvians also speak English, so while those who work regularly with tourists will probably be able to understand you, knowing some Spanish is a definite asset on any Peru vacation.
