Culture & Traditions

Indigenous Heritage: The Heart of Australia

Prior to the European settlement of Australia, Australian Aborigines were among the oldest and most sustainable cultures on Earth. It is believed that they arrived by boat from Southeast Asia during the last Ice Age, some 65,000 years ago. Comprising 300 clans, 250 languages and 700 dialects, up to one million Aborigines lived in Australia before explorers colonized their lands.

“A lot of people don’t know that Australia has the world’s oldest living culture: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have lived on the continent for over 65,000 years.”—Alice Teramoto, Destination Specialist

As a result of colonization, Australia’s first peoples experienced a precipitous decline in their numbers and a suppression of their way of life, but their culture has not only survived but thrived in recent years. Today, the viewpoints of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are commonly integrated into political and social life, while Aboriginal culture is widely recognized as an integral part of the modern Australian identity. 

No visit to Australia—especially to such sacred sites as Uluru—would be complete without experiencing some aspect of Indigenous culture.

Modern, Multicultural Australia

In a 1967 referendum, Australians voted affirmatively to include Aboriginal peoples in their Constitution. The postwar years also saw a wave of migration to Australia from Europe, the Middle East and Asia, changing the cultural and linguistic makeup of the country’s cities and towns. 

Today, Australia is one of the most vibrant democracies in the world, its political landscape a dynamic mix of both progressive and traditional forces. It is also one of the most globally minded of nations, having hosted several Olympics (the upcoming 2032 Summer Games will also be held in Brisbane) as well as some of the largest LGBTQ+ Pride parades in the world.

Social Etiquette & Local Customs

Australians are typically laid-back, friendly and relaxed, appreciating fairness, equality and mutual respect, regardless of social standing. 

They also tend to be less physically affectionate with people they don’t know well, so handshakes and hugs aren’t always expected.

On the whole, Australians love coming together for informal get-togethers (such as barbies or drinks with friends at the pub) or to explore nature together. 

Sporting events also set the stage for gathering and good-natured rivalry. For a real glimpse of Australia, take in a local rugby or Australian Football League (AFL) match at the famous MCG in Melbourne. Major sports gatherings such as the Australian Open, the Melbourne Cup and the Formula 1 Grand Prix should also be experienced.

Celebrations, Festivals & National Traditions

Traditionally a Christian country, Australia is today a diverse, multicultural nation home to more than 120 different faiths. That means that countless celebrations and traditions—both secular and religious—are celebrated throughout Australia.

Christmas in the country is warm and sunny instead of cold and snowy, so be prepared to enjoy freshly grilled prawns, lamb, steaks, and veggies if you visit in December instead of turkey and stuffing.

“One event that every traveler to Australia should experience,” says Destination Specialist Alice Teramoto, “is ANZAC Day. It is a poignant day, and whether you mark it by watching the ANZAC footy games, or taking part in a game of Two Up, always remember the reason behind it - remembering the Australian and New Zealand landing at Gallipoli in 1915”

The Arts, From Opera to Street Art

The arts play a crucial role in Australian culture, which boasts thriving music, theatre and visual arts scenes. 

The iconic Sydney Opera House, which attracts operatic and other talents from around the world, is a must-see on any Australia vacation or cruise, as are the many vibrant murals that line central Melbourne’s labyrinthine alleyways. 

Many Australian actors, musicians and artists have achieved international recognition, attesting to the strength of Australia’s creative industries. Notable talents such as Nicole Kidman, Cate Blanchett and Hugh Jackman continue to make movies and appear in plays in Australia.

Best of all, the country’s cultural riches can be enjoyed throughout Australia, from the cosmopolitan venues of multicultural Sydney and Melbourne to the Western Australian Museum in Perth to the edgy Museum of New Art (MONA) in Tasmania. 

“Tasmania is under the radar for many travelers, but it’s great for hikes, natural landscapes and now modern art!”—Alice Teramoto, Destination Specialist

Talking With (and Like) Australians

Despite not holding official status, English is the universal language in Australia, meaning that English-speaking visitors will have no trouble communicating during their Australia vacations.

Having said that, the country is known for its rich and varied slang. For example, knowing the difference between “yeah, nah” (no) and “nah, yeah” (yes) will make navigating casual conversations easier. 

Referring to new acquaintances on your Australia trip as “mates” is also a friendly way to build trust and rapport.

“One thing to note when asking for directions in Australia is that Australians tend to not use “north,” “south,” “east” or “west.” Rather, they’ll tell you to simply go “right” or “left” to get to a destination.”—Alice Teramoto, Destination Specialist

Planning Your Tailor-Made Cultural Adventure

Whether you’re looking to experience Uluru through an Indigenous lens, tour the National Gallery of Australia with your own personal docent or take a backstage look at the Sydney Opera House, Goway has you covered. Book your tailor-made Australia culture trip with one of our Destination Specialists today.